✅Gs-3 : Conservation- Madhav National park becomes a tiger reserve
🅾️Why another national park now?- Southern MP reserves (Kanha, Pench, Bandhavgarh) are successful but northern MP lacked conservation efforts-Madhav National Park-Forms a corridor between Ranthambore Tiger Reserve (Rajasthan) and Kuno National Park (home to reintroduced African cheetahs)-Enhancing connectivity reduces the risk of inbreeding and genetic isolation in tiger populations.
🅾️Under Project Tiger, a National Park can become a Tiger Reserve if:
⚜️Habitat Suitability – Large enough to support a breeding tiger population.
⚜️Corridor Connectivity – Links with other reserves for genetic diversity.
⚜️Human Impact Assessment – Minimal human settlements to reduce conflicts.
⚜️Scientific Conservation Plan
☝️Madhav NP met all these
🅾️Criticism of the implementation of Project Tiger- Click here
🎖Note : I will cover CA topics in a structured format for Prelims- Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️Why another national park now?- Southern MP reserves (Kanha, Pench, Bandhavgarh) are successful but northern MP lacked conservation efforts-Madhav National Park-Forms a corridor between Ranthambore Tiger Reserve (Rajasthan) and Kuno National Park (home to reintroduced African cheetahs)-Enhancing connectivity reduces the risk of inbreeding and genetic isolation in tiger populations.
🅾️Under Project Tiger, a National Park can become a Tiger Reserve if:
⚜️Habitat Suitability – Large enough to support a breeding tiger population.
⚜️Corridor Connectivity – Links with other reserves for genetic diversity.
⚜️Human Impact Assessment – Minimal human settlements to reduce conflicts.
⚜️Scientific Conservation Plan
☝️Madhav NP met all these
🅾️Criticism of the implementation of Project Tiger- Click here
🎖Note : I will cover CA topics in a structured format for Prelims- Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Forwarded from UPSC Ethics by VK IAS
✅GS-2: social issues- Health- Trends for 2025- Click here
✅Gs-4 : Ethics- Using empathy as a tool to design public policy
🅾️Cancer- Notifiable diseases are those that require mandatory reporting to public health authorities to ensure early intervention & outbreak control.Cancer, however, is non-communicable and does not fit the usual criteria for disease notification.India already has a National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) since 1982 → It serves as a surveillance mechanism. But India has already made non-communicable conditions like snakebites (2024) notifiable.
⚠️Practical problem= WHO does NOT recommend mandatory notification for cancer → It prefers voluntary registry-based reporting.Legal obligations can discourage doctors from diagnosing cases → Affects trust in the healthcare system ( This small insight is very relevant in ethics).
🌟Solution : Strengthening the National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP)
✅Join : Ethics channel link : https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
✅Gs-4 : Ethics- Using empathy as a tool to design public policy
🅾️Cancer- Notifiable diseases are those that require mandatory reporting to public health authorities to ensure early intervention & outbreak control.Cancer, however, is non-communicable and does not fit the usual criteria for disease notification.India already has a National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) since 1982 → It serves as a surveillance mechanism. But India has already made non-communicable conditions like snakebites (2024) notifiable.
⚠️Practical problem= WHO does NOT recommend mandatory notification for cancer → It prefers voluntary registry-based reporting.Legal obligations can discourage doctors from diagnosing cases → Affects trust in the healthcare system ( This small insight is very relevant in ethics).
🌟Solution : Strengthening the National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP)
✅Join : Ethics channel link : https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
✅Gs-2: social issues- Health- Problems in Public Health Education in India
⚠️Public Health is NOT just Clinical Healthcare-> Public health is a specialized field focusing on disease prevention, healthcare systems, epidemiology, and health policies.India DOES NOT have a regulatory body for public health education → Unlike the NMC (National Medical Commission) for medical education.
🚫Public health is multidisciplinary → Includes community medicine, social sciences, epidemiology, and health economics.Medical education in colonial India emphasized individual clinical treatment, neglecting public health systems- the same colonial legacy is continuing even now! - we dont have trained Public Health Professionals
⚠️THE SAD PART!?- Public health training is NOT compulsory for doctors in India
🎖Note : I will cover CA topics in a structured format for Prelims- Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
⚠️Public Health is NOT just Clinical Healthcare-> Public health is a specialized field focusing on disease prevention, healthcare systems, epidemiology, and health policies.India DOES NOT have a regulatory body for public health education → Unlike the NMC (National Medical Commission) for medical education.
🚫Public health is multidisciplinary → Includes community medicine, social sciences, epidemiology, and health economics.Medical education in colonial India emphasized individual clinical treatment, neglecting public health systems- the same colonial legacy is continuing even now! - we dont have trained Public Health Professionals
⚠️THE SAD PART!?- Public health training is NOT compulsory for doctors in India
🎖Note : I will cover CA topics in a structured format for Prelims- Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- Space
🅾️What is Starlink?- Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellation for broadband internet. Note that It is not the first satellite internet service – others include OneWeb, Amazon Kuiper, HughesNet.Works independently of fiber optics but can supplement terrestrial networks in remote areas.
🅾️Problems with Starlink in India- Requires Global Mobile Personal Communication by Satellite (GMPCS) license under the Telecom Act, 1885.Needs clearance from the Ministry of Home Affairs due to concerns over corporate data privacy & foreign ownership.
⚠️India has not auctioned satellite spectrum yet, unlike other countries. Telcos like Reliance Jio & Airtel demand spectrum auction, citing the 2012 Supreme Court 2G scam ruling (natural resources must be auctioned).
🎖Note : I will cover CA topics in a structured format for Prelims- Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️What is Starlink?- Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellation for broadband internet. Note that It is not the first satellite internet service – others include OneWeb, Amazon Kuiper, HughesNet.Works independently of fiber optics but can supplement terrestrial networks in remote areas.
🅾️Problems with Starlink in India- Requires Global Mobile Personal Communication by Satellite (GMPCS) license under the Telecom Act, 1885.Needs clearance from the Ministry of Home Affairs due to concerns over corporate data privacy & foreign ownership.
⚠️India has not auctioned satellite spectrum yet, unlike other countries. Telcos like Reliance Jio & Airtel demand spectrum auction, citing the 2012 Supreme Court 2G scam ruling (natural resources must be auctioned).
🎖Note : I will cover CA topics in a structured format for Prelims- Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅GS3- Economic growth- Energy security
🅾️Central premise : We have two challenges to handle- We discussed them - Click here
☝️In the above strategy for Energy transition- Solar energy has a huge role to play- but Solar panel efficiency is NOT just about sunlight—temperature & airflow are critical.Air pollution affects both direct & diffuse solar radiation—not just a simple reduction.Cloud cover & urban heat islands can worsen the impact on solar energy output.
⚠️Substantiating data pointer : The study found that air pollution could reduce solar efficiency by 2.5% per decade.Solar photovoltaic (PV) cells experience up to a 0.5% loss in efficiency per 1°C rise in temperature.In India's hot climates (~45°C in summer), the efficiency drops significantly.
🅾️Also Slower wind speeds in polluted areas hinder natural cooling of panels, leading to overheating.
⚜️Urban heat islands exacerbate the problem.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Central premise : We have two challenges to handle- We discussed them - Click here
☝️In the above strategy for Energy transition- Solar energy has a huge role to play- but Solar panel efficiency is NOT just about sunlight—temperature & airflow are critical.Air pollution affects both direct & diffuse solar radiation—not just a simple reduction.Cloud cover & urban heat islands can worsen the impact on solar energy output.
⚠️Substantiating data pointer : The study found that air pollution could reduce solar efficiency by 2.5% per decade.Solar photovoltaic (PV) cells experience up to a 0.5% loss in efficiency per 1°C rise in temperature.In India's hot climates (~45°C in summer), the efficiency drops significantly.
🅾️Also Slower wind speeds in polluted areas hinder natural cooling of panels, leading to overheating.
⚜️Urban heat islands exacerbate the problem.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
UPSC CSE Prelims 2025 : Mapping || Conflict Zones made EASY-part 2
https://youtu.be/1P0Fmh9HXv4
https://youtu.be/1P0Fmh9HXv4
YouTube
UPSC CSE Prelims 2025 : Mapping || Conflict Zones made EASY-part 2
Telegram Channel: Join our community for daily updates and discussions- https://www.tg-me.com/VK IAS UPSC Highlights by Vikas kanukollu VK/com.hinduhighlights
Are you preparing for the UPSC CSE Prelims 2025 and aiming to master the Mapping section, especially focusing on Conflict Zones and Places in News?…
Are you preparing for the UPSC CSE Prelims 2025 and aiming to master the Mapping section, especially focusing on Conflict Zones and Places in News?…
Forwarded from UPSC - International relations by Vikas Kanukollu
#IR
✅Gs-2 : IR- Afghan crisis
🅾️What is the relationship that Afghanistan shares with Pakistan?- How does it impact India's foreign policy?
🔰Things to read to appreciate how this whole theme of India-Afghan relations evolved: Click here
🔰India's Afghanistan strategy is dictated by three core geopolitical considerations:
⚜️1. Countering Pakistan’s Influence-India sees an opportunity to break Islamabad’s monopoly over Taliban relations by engaging directly with the regime.
⚜️2. Preventing a China-Taliban economic axis-The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) could make Afghanistan an economic satellite of Beijing.
⚜️3.Securing Indian investments in Afghanistan-India has invested over $3 billion in Afghan infrastructure
⚠️ The Risks of Engaging with the Taliban : It presents long-term security and reputational risks-India cannot afford to repeat the mistakes of past Afghan interventions.
⚠️Gs2-IR/PSIR channel link : https://www.tg-me.com/UPSC_PSIR_IR
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-2 : IR- Afghan crisis
🅾️What is the relationship that Afghanistan shares with Pakistan?- How does it impact India's foreign policy?
🔰Things to read to appreciate how this whole theme of India-Afghan relations evolved: Click here
🔰India's Afghanistan strategy is dictated by three core geopolitical considerations:
⚜️1. Countering Pakistan’s Influence-India sees an opportunity to break Islamabad’s monopoly over Taliban relations by engaging directly with the regime.
⚜️2. Preventing a China-Taliban economic axis-The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) could make Afghanistan an economic satellite of Beijing.
⚜️3.Securing Indian investments in Afghanistan-India has invested over $3 billion in Afghan infrastructure
⚠️ The Risks of Engaging with the Taliban : It presents long-term security and reputational risks-India cannot afford to repeat the mistakes of past Afghan interventions.
⚠️Gs2-IR/PSIR channel link : https://www.tg-me.com/UPSC_PSIR_IR
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-1 : Indian Society- Regionalism
✅Gs-2 : Education- NEP
✅Gs-2 : Federalism- centre - state relations
🅾️Language is more than just a means of communication; it is an expression of identity, culture, and political assertion->The Munshi-Ayyangar Formula (1949) led to Hindi being recognized as the official language under Article 343 of the Indian Constitution. However, India does not have a “national language”, ensuring no linguistic imposition on any region.
🔰How to understand this topic?
⚜️1. What Does the Constitution Say About Language?- Art 29, 30, Art 19
⚜️2. Supreme Court’s 2014 Judgment: Organic Growth of Language and Law- U.P. Hindi Sahitya Sammelan v. State of U.P. (2014)
⚜️3. Other cases : State of Bombay v. Narasu Appa Mali (1952), S.P. Mittal v. Union of India (1983), T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka (2002)-> Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1924) – U.S. Supreme Court
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS youtube channel
✅Gs-2 : Education- NEP
✅Gs-2 : Federalism- centre - state relations
🅾️Language is more than just a means of communication; it is an expression of identity, culture, and political assertion->The Munshi-Ayyangar Formula (1949) led to Hindi being recognized as the official language under Article 343 of the Indian Constitution. However, India does not have a “national language”, ensuring no linguistic imposition on any region.
🔰How to understand this topic?
⚜️1. What Does the Constitution Say About Language?- Art 29, 30, Art 19
⚜️2. Supreme Court’s 2014 Judgment: Organic Growth of Language and Law- U.P. Hindi Sahitya Sammelan v. State of U.P. (2014)
⚜️3. Other cases : State of Bombay v. Narasu Appa Mali (1952), S.P. Mittal v. Union of India (1983), T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka (2002)-> Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1924) – U.S. Supreme Court
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS youtube channel
✅GS-3 : Climate change and its impact on Agriculture and Economy- Click here
🅾️Context : How climate change is affecting India’s wheat production cycle
⚜️India recorded its warmest February in 124 years (IMD).
⚜️Early heatwaves pose a major threat to wheat yield, impacting food security.
⚜️Delayed monsoon withdrawal is affecting Rabi sowing timelines.
🔥Heat Stress & Its Impact :
⚜️Unseasonal temperature rise → Early flowering & forced ripening → Poor grain quality & reduced yield.
⚜️Excess heat in terminal stages (above 30°C) → Reduces grain filling, leading to lower wheat weight & protein content.
⚜️Disrupts physiological processes (enzymes, hormone levels, and carbon fixation).
🛑 Policy & Adaptation Strategies- Nothing new- Discussed multiple times- Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS youtube channel
🅾️Context : How climate change is affecting India’s wheat production cycle
⚜️India recorded its warmest February in 124 years (IMD).
⚜️Early heatwaves pose a major threat to wheat yield, impacting food security.
⚜️Delayed monsoon withdrawal is affecting Rabi sowing timelines.
🔥Heat Stress & Its Impact :
⚜️Unseasonal temperature rise → Early flowering & forced ripening → Poor grain quality & reduced yield.
⚜️Excess heat in terminal stages (above 30°C) → Reduces grain filling, leading to lower wheat weight & protein content.
⚜️Disrupts physiological processes (enzymes, hormone levels, and carbon fixation).
🛑 Policy & Adaptation Strategies- Nothing new- Discussed multiple times- Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS youtube channel
Do this in last 70 days to beat procrastination for UPSC Prelims prep!
https://youtube.com/shorts/Fwbz35rxLjc?feature=share
https://youtube.com/shorts/Fwbz35rxLjc?feature=share
YouTube
Do this in last 70 days to beat procrastination for UPSC Prelims prep!
Are you procrastinating in your preparation? Try this technique!
✅Gs- 2-Vulnerable sections- Criminal justice system Prison reforms and other reforms
📍Background - UN Convention against Torture (UNCAT)- Click here
🅾️Countries like the UK and the US are reluctant to extradite fugitives due to India’s poor human rights record in custodial conditions.This undermines India’s ability to bring back economic offenders, terrorists, and fugitives, affecting domestic criminal justice.
🅾️Good quote from the article : It is time for a nation wedded to democracy and seeking a role as the world’s moral arbiter to recognise that aflailing democracy is antithetical to a resurgent Bharat and that torture in any form is “... a wound in the soul so intangible that there is no way to heal it…
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS youtube channel
📍Background - UN Convention against Torture (UNCAT)- Click here
🅾️Countries like the UK and the US are reluctant to extradite fugitives due to India’s poor human rights record in custodial conditions.This undermines India’s ability to bring back economic offenders, terrorists, and fugitives, affecting domestic criminal justice.
🅾️Good quote from the article : It is time for a nation wedded to democracy and seeking a role as the world’s moral arbiter to recognise that a
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS youtube channel
Forwarded from VK IAS_ Official
IR-2.pdf
10.2 MB
✅This is part 2 of our Series on IR- Mapping places in news- Video link - https://youtu.be/1P0Fmh9HXv4
Part 1 notes and video link- Click here
https://www.tg-me.com/VKIAS_com
Part 1 notes and video link- Click here
https://www.tg-me.com/VKIAS_com
UPSC Prelims 2025 | Species in News | The Hindu & Indian Express | Part 5
https://youtu.be/P5-hI-lsWZs
https://youtu.be/P5-hI-lsWZs
YouTube
UPSC Prelims 2025 | Species in News | The Hindu & Indian Express | Part 5
✅UPSC theme-
🎇CHHAAVA and fascinating origin of the word Maharashtra!
https://youtube.com/shorts/Q3i6yKQk2E8?feature=share
🎇CHHAAVA and fascinating origin of the word Maharashtra!
https://youtube.com/shorts/Q3i6yKQk2E8?feature=share